PIERCE Provisions
EMT NATIONAL MEDICATION REVIEW

Know the drug. Know the decision.

Review the complete national EMT medication categories, common named medications, safe administration, and reassessment priorities.

Scope note

The National EMS Scope of Practice Model identifies medication categories and permitted routes—not a single universal dose formulary. State scope, medical direction, product labeling, and local protocols determine what an EMT may actually give. Use this for exam preparation and verify your assigned protocol before patient care.

12 medications

What it does

Increases the oxygen available for diffusion into the blood; titrate to the patient’s clinical need and local oxygen target.

Indications

  • Hypoxemia or suspected hypoxia
  • Respiratory distress or failure
  • Shock, major trauma, or cardiac arrest when indicated

Contraindications / cautions

  • No absolute contraindication when clinically required
  • Avoid unnecessary hyperoxia; follow protocol targets

Common study dose

  • Nasal cannula: commonly 1–6 L/min
  • Nonrebreather: commonly 10–15 L/min
  • BVM with reservoir: commonly 15 L/min or enough for reservoir inflation

Route

  • Inhaled by cannula, mask, BVM, or protocol-approved device

Side effects

  • Dry mucosa
  • Oxygen toxicity with prolonged high concentrations
  • Absorption atelectasis or worsening hypercapnia in susceptible patients

Reassess

  • SpO₂, work of breathing, mental status
  • Ventilation adequacy—not oxygen saturation alone
Registry brain

Oxygen does not correct inadequate ventilation. Assist ventilations when tidal volume or respiratory rate is inadequate.